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In her recent Mansion House Speech, the Chancellor stated that economic growth is now our national mission.
With a predicted £800bn of assets in workplace defined contribution (DC) pension schemes by 2030, the Government sees a significant untapped resource which could be better used to promote UK investment, economic growth and positive member outcomes. To that end, it has published consultations on compelling consolidation across certain schemes. We will publish our views on the consultation relating specifically to consolidation across the Local Government Pension Scheme (LGPS) next week.
Whilst consolidation in the industry is not a new concept, the reforms being proposed have the potential to shake up the DC market more significantly and faster than most had anticipated. This will have wide-reaching impacts for providers of master trusts, group personal pensions (GPPs) and other DC arrangements. In this briefing, DC and master trust specialists Chris Crighton and Ellie Taylor explore what the proposals mean – and how we can help you.
In a nutshell, the DC reforms focus on three main areas:
1. Increasing scale through mandating a maximum number of default arrangements within a pension scheme, and/or mandating a minimum size of assets under management (AUM) in any default arrangement. (The suggested size is currently a minimum of £25bn AUM, but numbers for both this and maximum defaults will only be set post-consultation);
2. Easing the route to consolidation by introducing a bulk transfer without consent option for DC contract-based schemes (with appropriate protections that would be set out in FCA rules); and
3. Improving value for money by requiring employers and advisers to consider value (not cost) when assessing pension provider suitability.
If the proposals progress, consolidation in the DC market is inevitable, with the focus on the larger multi-employer DC schemes – predominantly the 30-plus existing master trusts, and GPPs. The resulting pension ‘megafunds’, designed to ‘tackle the fragmented pensions landscape’ and harness increased investment power, are based on the Australian and Canadian model, where ‘funds take advantage of size to invest in assets that have higher growth potential’, and which is hoped could here deliver around £80bn of investment in ‘exciting new businesses and critical infrastructure’ while ‘boosting savers’ pension pots’. The aim (currently) is that the requirements will apply from 2030.
The proposals will require significant legislative change. Andrew Bailey, Governor of the Bank of England, described the pensions reforms set out by the Chancellor as requiring ‘heavy lifting and a lot of it’.
A decision on whether to include the measures in the upcoming Pension Schemes Bill will be made in light of the outcome of the consultation, which closes on 16 January 2025. Our view is that to include all of the proposals in the upcoming Bill whilst keeping to the Parliamentary timetable would be ambitious, with the Bill currently expected to be laid in Spring/Summer 2025.
But these are not new concepts: there have been numerous consultations on DC investment and consolidation over recent years, as well as encouragement from the Pensions Regulator (TPR). The changes have been incremental and these latest proposals should be seen as the next steps in the ongoing trajectory of DC schemes growing in scale and economic capability. Indeed, the Government recognises that further intervention is not out of the question in the future, if needed to maintain progress in this area.
The focus of the consolidation proposals is on multi-employer contract-based schemes only, which is understandable given the Government’s (past and present) general direction of travel with such schemes. The Government’s separate Value For Money framework addresses change in all DC schemes, including trust-based arrangements.
Consolidation is, itself, not a straightforward exercise. Providers seeking to acquire or dispose of their pension scheme offerings face not only the usual market challenges but also a complex regulatory overlay. For occupational pension schemes, including master trusts, authorisation from TPR is required; for contract-based schemes, the FCA will need be involved. It pays for providers expecting some form of consolidation to plan ahead, in order to understand how the regulatory framework will apply to them and what the process could and should look like. It may be possible to take preparatory steps in order to be better set up for a transaction later on.
Taking the example of a disposal of an authorised master trust, there are a number of options depending on the structure of the sale and the standing of the potential buyer. Last year, TLT led XPS through the sale of its master trust, the National Pension Trust, to SEI in a market leading example of consolidation. The regulatory requirements which apply on the sale of a master trust are not perfectly aligned to solvent consolidations, despite this having been a focus of the Government and TPR for some time. The obstacles we successfully navigated as part of that transaction are the same for any commercial sale or acquisition, as things stand. It was clear from our experience in this transaction that there will always be multiple potential structuring options, without a clear one-size-fits-all solution. Careful thought and planning at the outset is essential to manage all parties’ expectations both on structure of the deal and its timings.
What next for the proposals?
Any new legislative framework must avoid creating shockwaves in the industry and allow for value for money to be prioritised over a pure size threshold. We hope the legislation will be nuanced enough to allow a steady transition from enactment to the target date, with alternative options for smaller well-run schemes to continue to operate and thrive. We will be interested to see the response and details of the proposed legislation in due course.
There is also little detail at present around how the proposals would apply to new entrants to the market, and we think a significant challenge for the Government will be creating a framework which drives high growth, investment and returns for members whilst not stifling innovation and competition among providers.
On 27 November, TPR also announced that it will be looking at adjusting its approach to DC and master trust supervision in line with the proposed shift toward schemes of a ‘systemically important’ size, with different ‘tiers of engagement’ depending on the risks schemes present to market and saver outcomes. Master trusts should watch these developments closely.
Steps to consider now
If you are a DC provider you should be using this time to understand how any potential minimum asset size requirement would apply to you and your options for consolidating, if required. Do you understand where in the market you sit, in terms of size and scale – and how this compares to your competitors? Do you have an understanding of where the opportunities lie for you, if the proposals go ahead? We encourage you to engage early with these concepts; the changes proposed promote consolidation more strongly than ever - and where there is consolidation there are always opportunities to be had for the most astute businesses.
Employers should also be looking at their pension providers and whether they are likely to be affected. It might be a good time to review your pension scheme provision and whether it provides value for money and is meeting the Government's expectations for DC providers. What would happen if your provider is sold or merges? Would you consider changing your pension scheme provider if you had to assess value for money as opposed to cost?
TLT has the strength and depth of expertise to be able to advise on all aspects of DC consolidation. Our national Corporate and Pensions teams can provide a joined up approach to a transaction involving the acquisition, disposition or merger of a pension scheme offering.
Ellie Taylor, a Senior Associate in TLT’s Pensions team commented ‘we know there are existing opportunities for DC consolidation and we think these proposals, when enacted, will operate to place more pressure on certain parts of the DC market and force those borderline cases into the market’.
Chris Crighton, a Partner in TLT’s Pensions team notes that ‘our experience guiding pension providers through the process of consolidation is tried and tested and we look forward to working with more businesses in this area, to improve DC offerings in the UK market’.
Our sector-leading direct experience in consolidation of master trusts means that we understand the market and the regulatory challenges you face and can help you navigate them.
Speak to your usual TLT Pensions team contact for more detail on the proposals, or to discuss the implications for your DC pension scheme offering.
This publication is intended for general guidance and represents our understanding of the relevant law and practice as at November 2024. Specific advice should be sought for specific cases. For more information see our terms & conditions.
Date published
28 November 2024
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